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75 Terms
1
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
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2
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Contains ribosomes; proteins are manufactured here.
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3
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
creates lipids or fat
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4
Nucleus
A membrane bound organelle that contains DNA
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5
Chloroplasts
use light energy to make carbohydrates from water and carbon from carbon dioxide
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6
Mitocondria
"Mitochondria produce the energy in the cell.
Aerobic respiration occurs here"
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7
Golgi Body
Packages and ship proteins
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8
Diffusion
the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space, from high concentration to low concentration
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9
Osmosis
diffusion of water across a membrane
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10
Facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
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11
Active Transport
moves substances against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration
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12
Aerobic respiration
uses oxygen to convert glucose back into carbon dioxide and water
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13
Cell
Basic unit of life and is composed a cell membrane and contains DNA/a nucleus
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14
Organelle
a specialized part of a cell having some specific function; a cell organ. It cannot maintain a life by itself, it must rely on other components of the cell
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15
Eukaryotic Cells
Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists; has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
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16
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria; has NO true nucleus or membrane bound organelles
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17
Photosynthesis
Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
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18
Guard cells
Control the opening and closing of stomata
Purpose is to regulate gas exchange
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19
Root cell
specialized plant cell which absorbs water underground
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20
Xylem
tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots
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21
Homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
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22
Positive feedback loop
Feedback loop that causes a system to change further in the same direction
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23
Negative feedback loop
Output shuts off original effect of the stimulus
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24
Reflex Arc
The simplest behavior, in which a stimulus provokes an automatic response
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25
Effector
an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.
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26
Receptor
receives the stimulus
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27
Response
An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.
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28
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose found in both the liver and muscles
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29
Glucose
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
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30
Insulin
Hormone released by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar
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31
ADH Hormone
increases water reabsorption and urine concentration - keeps water in the body
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Pancreas
organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes
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33
Liver
This organ produces bile and stores glycogen
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34
Binomial Nomenclature
Two part naming system, Genus and Species
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35
Amensalism
A relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected
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36
Commensalism
one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
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Mutualism
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
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38
Competition
Interaction among organisms that vie for the same resource in an ecosystem
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Parasite-Host relationship
where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host.
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40
Predator-Prey relationship
A predator is an organism that eats another organism. The prey is the organism which the predator eats
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41
Producer
an organism that produces its own food using sunlight energy
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42
Sun
Provides energy for producers
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43
Immigration
Movement of individuals into a population
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44
Emigration
movement of individuals out of a population
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45
Birth rate
the number of births in a population in a certain amount of time
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46
Death rate
The number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time
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47
Phospholipid Bilayer
two layers of phospholipids are arranged tail-to-tail
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48
Proteins
Made of amino acids
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49
Protein channels
a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane
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50
Cytoplasm
the internal environment of a cell.
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51
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
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52
Heterotroph
organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer
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53
Chemosynthesis
The formation of food using energy released from chemical reactions instead of the sun
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54
Anaerobic Respiration
Respiration that does not require oxygen
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55
Fermentation
The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen
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56
Dependent Variable
The variable being measured in experiment.
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Independent Variable
the variable that is manipulated in an experiment
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Organ system
A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
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59
Digestive System
body system that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
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Circulatory System
the organ system that moves blood throughout the body
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Respiratory System
Brings oxygen into the body and removes CO2, includes nose, trachea, and lungs.
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Nervous System
Brain, nerve cells, spinal cord
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Endocrine System
the glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
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Alveoli
thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that exchange O2 and CO2 with diffusion
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Specialized cells
cell that is uniquely suited to performing a particular function
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Muscle Cells
Contain special proteins that allow them to shorten and lengthen.
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Nerve Cells
made of neuron, are specialized to carry "messages" through an electrochemical process.
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Adaptations
traits that improve an individual's ability to survive and reproduce
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Structural Adaptation
are the physical features of an organism that help it to survive and succeed in its environment
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70
Behavioural Adaptation
an action that animals carry out to increase their chances of survival and reproduction
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Physiological Adaptation
Internal and/or cellular features of an organism that enable them to survive in their environment
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Biomimicry
The imitation of natural processes and systems.
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73
Control Center
in homeostasis is the brain
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Thermoregulation
Process of the body maintaining a stable internal temperature under various conditions
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Keystone Species
A species that influences the survival of many other species in the foodweb of an ecosystem
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