Windsor Castle | History & Facts (2024)

castle, England, United Kingdom

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Top Questions

What is Windsor Castle?

Windsor Castle is an English royal residence including two building complexes, or courts, separated by a circular tower. The courts contain chapels and royal apartments. Windsor Castle is a tourist destination as well as a popular venue for royal weddings, including the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle in 2018.

When was Windsor Castle built?

William I first developed the site of Windsor Castle about 1070, constructing a mound with a stockade. Later rulers made a number of additions to the site: Henry II replaced the stockade with the stone Round Tower and outer walls; Henry III added a royal chapel; Edward III converted fortress buildings to royal apartments; Charles II rebuilt those apartments; and George IV reconstructed the apartments so they could be used by visitors of state as well as monarchs.

Where is Windsor Castle?

Windsor Castle is located at the northeastern edge of the district ofWindsor and Maidenhead in the county ofBerkshire,England.

Who is buried at Windsor Castle?

St. George’s Chapel is a chapel and royal mausoleum at Windsor Castle that contains the bodies of Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Charles I, Edward VII, and George V. George III, George IV, and William IV are buried at Albert Memorial Chapel, also in Windsor.

Windsor Castle, English royal residence that stands on a ridge at the northeastern edge of the district of Windsor and Maidenhead in the county of Berkshire, England. The castle occupies 13 acres (5 hectares) of ground above the south bank of the River Thames. Windsor Castle comprises two quadrilateral-shaped building complexes, or courts, that are separated by the Round Tower. The latter is a massive circular tower that is built on an artificial mound and is visible for many miles over the surrounding flatland. The court west of the Round Tower is called the lower ward; the court to the east is called the upper ward.

There was a royal residence at Windsor in Saxon times (c. 9th century). William I (“William the Conqueror”) developed the present site, constructing a mound with a stockade about 1070. Henry II replaced this with the stone Round Tower and added outer walls to the north, east, and south. In the 13th century Henry III completed the south wall and the western end of the lower ward and built a royal chapel on the site of the present-day Albert Memorial Chapel. Edward III made this chapel the centre of the newly formed Order of the Garter in 1348 and converted the fortress buildings in the upper ward to residential apartments for the monarchs. These apartments were rebuilt by Charles II and later reconstructed by George IV for use by visitors of state in addition to the monarchs.

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The lower ward includes St. George’s Chapel and the Albert Memorial Chapel. St. George’s Chapel, designed to be the chapel of the Order of the Garter, was begun by Edward IV and is one of the best examples of Perpendicular Gothic-style architecture. It was completed in 1528 and restored between 1921 and 1930. It ranks next to Westminster Abbey as a royal mausoleum and contains the bodies of Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Charles I, Edward VII, and George V. The chapel also contains the impressive insignia of the Knights of the Garter. Albert Memorial Chapel, built by Henry VII as a royal mausoleum, was restored by Queen Victoria and named in memory of her consort. In this chapel are buried George III, George IV, and William IV.

The upper ward of the castle includes the private apartments of the monarch and private apartments for visitors. The state apartments in the upper ward include the Waterloo Chamber, St. George’s Hall, and the grand reception room. The upper ward is also the site of the royal library, which contains a priceless collection of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Hans Holbein the Younger, and other Old Masters. Fire destroyed the northeast corner of the upper ward in November 1992. Most of the paintings, furniture, and other movable treasures were saved, but more than 100 rooms, including St. George’s Hall, were destroyed or damaged. A successful restoration of the affected area was completed in 1997.

Adjacent to the castle on the south, east, and north is Home Park, which consists of approximately 500 acres (200 hectares) of parkland. Frogmore, the site of the mausoleum of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, lies within the park. South of the castle lies the Great Park, with about 1,800 acres (700 hectares). The Long Walk, a 3-mile (5-kilometre) avenue leading into the Great Park, was planted by Charles II in 1685; its aging elm trees were replaced by younger trees in 1945. Virginia Water, an artificial lake, lies at the southern boundary.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Jeff Wallenfeldt.

Windsor Castle | History & Facts (2024)

FAQs

Windsor Castle | History & Facts? ›

It's the longest-occupied palace in Europe

Construction started under William the Conqueror, who built it as a fortress, but it has been used as a royal residence since the reign of Henry I. Henry VIII used it as a giant pleasure dome, enjoying shooting, dancing, wrestling, and playing tennis on its grounds.

What are some interesting facts about Windsor Castle? ›

It's the longest-occupied palace in Europe

Construction started under William the Conqueror, who built it as a fortress, but it has been used as a royal residence since the reign of Henry I. Henry VIII used it as a giant pleasure dome, enjoying shooting, dancing, wrestling, and playing tennis on its grounds.

How many people actually live at Windsor Castle? ›

The castle was established by William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087) who began building at Windsor around 1070. It took 16 years to complete. It was the official residence of the late Queen Elizabeth II and is still very much a working royal palace today, home to around 150 people.

How many rooms are at Windsor Castle? ›

Around 1070, William the Conqueror began building; 16 years later the castle was completed. It has over 1,000 rooms and more than 300 fireplaces. It houses a substantial portion of the Royal Collection, including furniture, paintings, and armor.

Who owns Windsor Castle now? ›

Windsor Castle was originally built in the 11th century, after the Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror. King Charles III inherited Windsor Castle from his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. The Windsor Castle is now under his ownership “in right of the Crown” though he doesn't occupy it.

Is Windsor Castle bigger than Buckingham Palace? ›

Size. Buckingham Palace is huge (we're talking 108 meters long by 24 meters wide), while Windsor Castle is a more modest 48 meters by 24 meters. Buckingham Palace is a whopping 828,821 square feet, while Windsor Castle comes in at 484,000 square feet.

Who lives in Windsor Castle? ›

Those who live and work within the Castle include the titular head of the Castle community, the Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle; the Dean of Windsor, Canons and other staff who run the College of St George; the Military Knights of Windsor; the Superintendent of Windsor Castle and his staff, who are responsible ...

Do any royals live at Windsor Castle? ›

Today, the Duke and duch*ess of Edinburgh, Lady Louise Windsor and James, Earl of Wessex, live at the 120-room mega mansion with their children. The Grade II–listed building is estimated to be worth around $38 million, should it be listed on the open market.

Is Windsor Castle near Buckingham Palace? ›

Buckingham Palace is only open to the public for several months of the year, and even then only a small number of rooms are accessible. If the palace is closed you'll be driven to Windsor Castle, the Queen's weekend residence, located less than an hour away by car (depending on traffic).

How much is Windsor Castle worth? ›

It was Edward III, in approximately 1350, who transformed it from a fort into a Gothic palace, a transformation that cost around £50,000, the equivalent of £60.7 million in today's money. The current estimated market value of Windsor Castle is £497.5 million, an increase of 719% between 1350 and 2021.

How many toilets are in Windsor Castle? ›

It is the largest inhabited castle in the world and sits on 5.2 hectares of land. There are around 1000 rooms whereas Buckingham Palace clocks in at 775. Its biggest room is a chapel (pictured here) that seats 800. Unconfirmed reports put the loo count at around 80 - for the royal wee.

How many miles apart are Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle? ›

The distance between Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle is 25 miles. The road distance is 22.1 miles.

How many servants does Windsor Castle have? ›

Yes, approximately 150 staff members live at Windsor Castle. They ensure the smooth running and protection of the castle.

Who inherits Balmoral? ›

Elizabeth II inherited the Balmoral estate from her father, and then after her death, ownership passed to her eldest son King Charles III, but the estate is managed by trustees under Deeds of Nomination and Appointment.

Where did the Windsor family get their money? ›

There are three sources of funding for The Queen, or officials of the Royal Household acting on His Majesty's behalf, in both a public and private capacity. These are: the Sovereign Grant, the Privy Purse and The King's personal wealth and income.

Do the Royal Family own Buckingham Palace? ›

Occupied Royal Palaces, such as Buckingham Palace, are not the private property of The Queen. They are occupied by the Sovereign and held in trust by Crown Estates for future generations.

What is unique about Windsor? ›

Known as “The Automotive Capital of Canada,” Windsor is famous for its connection to the original Ford Motor Company factory.

Why is Windsor Castle special? ›

Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. It is open to visitors throughout the year. Founded by William the Conqueror in the 11th century, it has since been the home of 40 monarchs. You can sign up to our email updates to hear the latest news about the Castle and events taking place.

How old is the current Windsor Castle? ›

Windsor Castle is over 950 years old. Construction on the building began in 1070 and it took sixteen years to build. Windsor Castle is the oldest castle in the world to still be lived in and it has been the home of British monarchs since its completion.

How did the Windsor Castle sink? ›

in 1943, Windsor Castle was sunk by a torpedo launched from a German aircraft while in the Mediterranean Sea as part of convoy KMF-11. She was hit at 2:30 am but did not sink until 5:25 pm, going down stern first, 110 miles (180 km) WNW of Algiers, Algeria.

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